Russell got away cleanly at lights out and never looked challenged over the 24-lap sprint race, outpacing Ferrari's Charles Leclerc, who finished second, by 1.36 seconds.
Leclerc's battle with current world champion Lando Norris was the highlight of the race, with the Ferrari overhauling the McLaren in a thrilling overtake on the straight on the 18th lap.
Norris, who complained of problems with the rear of his McLaren, came in third, just managing to hold off teenage sensation Antonelli.
Antonelli started fifth on the grid after running into the gravel during qualifying and damaging the floor of his Mercedes.
He did manage to jump McLaren's Oscar Piastri at the start to gain a place, coming in fourth with the Australian finishing fifth.
Home favourite Max Verstappen, on a high after extending his Red Bull contract until 2030, failed to improve on his grid place, ending up sixth.
He had an enjoyable tussle with seven-time world champion Lewis Hamilton, the battle between two legends of the sport exciting the Zandvoort crowd.