The 33-year-old defender's previous terms were due to expire at the end of the season, however the Reds captain has committed his future by penning a two-year deal.
Van Dijk's extension comes just days after Liverpool announced forward Mohamed Salah signed a new two-year deal himself to stay at the club.
"I'm very happy, very proud," Van Dijk told Liverpool's official website.
"There are so many emotions obviously that go through my head right now speaking about it.
"It's a proud feeling, it's a feeling of joy. It's just incredible.
"The journey I've had so far in my career, to be able to extend it with another two years at this club is amazing and I'm so happy."
Netherlands international Van Dijk joined Liverpool for a then-world-record £75 million fee from Southampton in January 2018 and has enjoyed a highly successful spell.
The centre-back has won the Premier League, Champions League, FA Cup and two League Cups as well as the UEFA Super Cup, the FIFA Club World Cup.
Named Liverpool captain in July 2023, Van Dijk is leading Liverpool towards their second Premier League title, with Arne Slot's team 13 points clear with six games remaining.
"It was always Liverpool," Van Dijk added. "That was the case. It was always in my head, it was always the plan and it was always Liverpool.
"There wasn't any doubt in my head that this is the place to be for me and my family.
"I'm one of Liverpool. Someone called me the other day an adopted Scouser – I'm really proud to hear these things, it gives me a great feeling."
With speculation over Van Dijk and Salah's futures ended, Trent Alexander-Arnold remains the final leading out-of-contract Liverpool player.
Alexander-Arnold, 26, has been a prime target for Real Madrid and there is a growing expectation the right-back will join the La Liga side as a free agent when his contract expires in the summer.