The withdrawal of Jackson, who had already pulled out of the 100m won by St Lucia's Julien Alfred on Saturday, follows that of Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce from the blue riband event.
Jackson's non-appearance in the heats was only evident by the late addition of "DNS" (Did Not Start) alongside her name on the official start sheet.
The semi-finals are scheduled for 18:45 GMT on Monday, with the final listed for 19:40 on Tuesday.
Jackson, 30, had described her decision to skip the 100m as a "good decision".
"You have to do the best for your body and your mind and your soul. I'm OK with the decision."
Jackson's teammate Elaine Thompson-Herah, missing from Paris through injury, won both the 100m and 200m at the Tokyo Olympics.