Ding had earlier stormed to a 2-0 lead over the defending champion, but that was as good as it would get for the 38-year-old, who lost the next six frames without reply to crash out at the quarter-final stage.
Ding had offered resistance up to a 4-2 scoreline, constantly getting out of jail against the Englishman's clever play, but eventually ran out of room as well as luck as Trump closed out the seventh frame and cantered home from there.
Trump will face Robertson in the final four after the latter battled past a spirited Pang Junxu 6-4 in the same session.
Australian Robertson lost the first frame before going on a run of five consecutive winning frames to put him on the brink of a comfortable victory.
However, Pang stubbornly held on, winning the following three frames - at one point scoring 232 unanswered points - to make it 5-4 and set up a tense finish.
The seventh frame was particularly impressive as Pang went to the table after Robertson had missed a regulation red. At 61 behind and only 51 on offer, Pang manourvered well to wrestle the frame from his opponent where he got seven points for Robertson hitting the black as well a free ball to win the frame and go on the charge.
But in the end it was Robertson who held his nerve, commanding the tenth frame after a sloppy error from Pang allowed him to close the frame and the match out.
"Once I stopped laughing inside at what happened at 5-1, that is the thing that would be on a quiz of what happened next." Robertson said.
"You could never even try to do that again. It is a one in 10 million chance of happening. I was brilliant to get to 5-1. That break there would be one of the breaks of the tournament (from Pang).
"It was one of those crazy things."
The two other quarter-finals taking place in the evening session will see Shaun Murphy take on Zhang Anda, while Mark Selby faces Barry Hawkins.