The Polish top seed was defeated only weeks ago by the 29th-ranked challenger in an Australian Open third-round upset.
In California, world number one Swiatek quickly recovered after going down an early break to the 19-year-old Noskova, levelling at 4-all and sweeping through the remainder of the third-round match.
"It was really intense at the start," the four-time Grand Slam champion said. "I was looking for chances to break back.
"I stayed positive and knew they would come. I was prepared for the moment to even the score and earn the win."
The 2022 tournament champion improved to 14-4 over Czechs. She next plays the winner from American Madison Keys and Yulia Putintseva.
In the men's draw, 11th-seeded Greek Stefanos Tsitsipas eliminated a home crowd favourite with his 6-3, 6-3 defeat of Frances Tiafoe.
