After a goal and an assist in Palmeiras' 5-3 win over Juventude, the agile right winger now has 18 goal involvements in the league.
Estevao has thus broken the record for contributions at the age of 17 in the Serie A. The previous record holder was Neymar, who had 16 during his time at Santos.
By comparison, Neymar needed 33 games, while Estevao achieved the record in 24 games.
Next season, the left-footer will move to Chelsea for a transfer fee of €34 million (£29m).
Despite his young age, Estevao has already made two appearances for Brazil.