Messi, who also secured the prize in 2022 after guiding his nation to World Cup victory, clinched the Ligue 1 title with PSG alongside Mbappe following that success, before making a move to MLS side Inter Miami.
Voted for by national team coaches, captains, journalists and fans, it's Mbappe and Man City's Haaland who again take home consolation awards from FIFA's 'The Best' ceremony.
Messi was not present to collect his award.
Among the women, it was Ballon d'Or holder Aitana Bonmati who claimed the top prize. With her help, Spain beat England to win the Women's World Cup in August last year.
"2023 was an exceptional and unique year I will remember for the rest of my life," said Bonmati.
"I'm proud of being part of a powerful generation of women who are changing the rules of the game and the world."
Guardiola, Wiegman scoop manager awards
Man City's Pep Guardiola beat former Napoli boss Luciano Spalletti and Inter's Simone Inzaghi to be named FIFA men's manager of the year.
Upon claiming the award, the Catalan native said: "Spalletti, you won the Scudetto (and) Inzaghi, I know how difficult it was to win against you in the (Champions League) final."
England coach Sarina Wiegman was named FIFA's women's manager of the year and the Lionesses' stopper, Mary Earps, scooped the women's goalkeeper award.
Awards at a glance
Men's player of the year: Lionel Messi (Inter Miami/Argentina)
Women's player of the year: Aitana Bonmati (Barcelona/Spain)
Men's manager of the year: Pep Guardiola (Man City)
Women's manager of the year: Sarina Wiegman (England)
Men's Best goalkeeper: Ederson (Man City/Brazil)
Women's Best goalkeeper: Mary Earps (Man Utd/England)
Puskas Award: Guilherme Madruga (Botafogo/Brazil)
FIFA Fair Play Award: Brazil
FIFA Fans' Choice Award: Colon Santa Fe (Argentina)
